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  <div class="section" id="module-zipfile">
<span id="zipfile-work-with-zip-archives"></span><h1>13.5. <a class="reference internal" href="#module-zipfile" title="zipfile: Read and write ZIP-format archive files."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">zipfile</span></code></a> — Work with ZIP archives<a class="headerlink" href="#module-zipfile" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
<p><strong>Source code:</strong> <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/3.6/Lib/zipfile.py">Lib/zipfile.py</a></p>
<hr class="docutils" />
<p>The ZIP file format is a common archive and compression standard. This module
provides tools to create, read, write, append, and list a ZIP file.  Any
advanced use of this module will require an understanding of the format, as
defined in <a class="reference external" href="https://pkware.cachefly.net/webdocs/casestudies/APPNOTE.TXT">PKZIP Application Note</a>.</p>
<p>This module does not currently handle multi-disk ZIP files.
It can handle ZIP files that use the ZIP64 extensions
(that is ZIP files that are more than 4 GiB in size).  It supports
decryption of encrypted files in ZIP archives, but it currently cannot
create an encrypted file.  Decryption is extremely slow as it is
implemented in native Python rather than C.</p>
<p>The module defines the following items:</p>
<dl class="exception">
<dt id="zipfile.BadZipFile">
<em class="property">exception </em><code class="descclassname">zipfile.</code><code class="descname">BadZipFile</code><a class="headerlink" href="#zipfile.BadZipFile" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>The error raised for bad ZIP files.</p>
<div class="versionadded">
<p><span class="versionmodified">New in version 3.2.</span></p>
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="exception">
<dt id="zipfile.BadZipfile">
<em class="property">exception </em><code class="descclassname">zipfile.</code><code class="descname">BadZipfile</code><a class="headerlink" href="#zipfile.BadZipfile" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Alias of <a class="reference internal" href="#zipfile.BadZipFile" title="zipfile.BadZipFile"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal"><span class="pre">BadZipFile</span></code></a>, for compatibility with older Python versions.</p>
<div class="deprecated">
<p><span class="versionmodified">Deprecated since version 3.2.</span></p>
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="exception">
<dt id="zipfile.LargeZipFile">
<em class="property">exception </em><code class="descclassname">zipfile.</code><code class="descname">LargeZipFile</code><a class="headerlink" href="#zipfile.LargeZipFile" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>The error raised when a ZIP file would require ZIP64 functionality but that has
not been enabled.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="class">
<dt>
<em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">zipfile.</code><code class="descname">ZipFile</code></dt>
<dd><p>The class for reading and writing ZIP files.  See section
<a class="reference internal" href="#zipfile-objects"><span class="std std-ref">ZipFile Objects</span></a> for constructor details.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="class">
<dt>
<em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">zipfile.</code><code class="descname">PyZipFile</code></dt>
<dd><p>Class for creating ZIP archives containing Python libraries.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="class">
<dt id="zipfile.ZipInfo">
<em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">zipfile.</code><code class="descname">ZipInfo</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>filename='NoName'</em>, <em>date_time=(1980</em>, <em>1</em>, <em>1</em>, <em>0</em>, <em>0</em>, <em>0)</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#zipfile.ZipInfo" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Class used to represent information about a member of an archive. Instances
of this class are returned by the <a class="reference internal" href="#zipfile.ZipFile.getinfo" title="zipfile.ZipFile.getinfo"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">getinfo()</span></code></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="#zipfile.ZipFile.infolist" title="zipfile.ZipFile.infolist"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">infolist()</span></code></a>
methods of <a class="reference internal" href="#zipfile.ZipFile" title="zipfile.ZipFile"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">ZipFile</span></code></a> objects.  Most users of the <a class="reference internal" href="#module-zipfile" title="zipfile: Read and write ZIP-format archive files."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">zipfile</span></code></a> module
will not need to create these, but only use those created by this
module. <em>filename</em> should be the full name of the archive member, and
<em>date_time</em> should be a tuple containing six fields which describe the time
of the last modification to the file; the fields are described in section
<a class="reference internal" href="#zipinfo-objects"><span class="std std-ref">ZipInfo Objects</span></a>.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="function">
<dt id="zipfile.is_zipfile">
<code class="descclassname">zipfile.</code><code class="descname">is_zipfile</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>filename</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#zipfile.is_zipfile" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Returns <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">True</span></code> if <em>filename</em> is a valid ZIP file based on its magic number,
otherwise returns <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">False</span></code>.  <em>filename</em> may be a file or file-like object too.</p>
<div class="versionchanged">
<p><span class="versionmodified">Changed in version 3.1: </span>Support for file and file-like objects.</p>
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="data">
<dt id="zipfile.ZIP_STORED">
<code class="descclassname">zipfile.</code><code class="descname">ZIP_STORED</code><a class="headerlink" href="#zipfile.ZIP_STORED" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>The numeric constant for an uncompressed archive member.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="data">
<dt id="zipfile.ZIP_DEFLATED">
<code class="descclassname">zipfile.</code><code class="descname">ZIP_DEFLATED</code><a class="headerlink" href="#zipfile.ZIP_DEFLATED" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>The numeric constant for the usual ZIP compression method.  This requires the
<a class="reference internal" href="zlib.html#module-zlib" title="zlib: Low-level interface to compression and decompression routines compatible with gzip."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">zlib</span></code></a> module.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="data">
<dt id="zipfile.ZIP_BZIP2">
<code class="descclassname">zipfile.</code><code class="descname">ZIP_BZIP2</code><a class="headerlink" href="#zipfile.ZIP_BZIP2" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>The numeric constant for the BZIP2 compression method.  This requires the
<a class="reference internal" href="bz2.html#module-bz2" title="bz2: Interfaces for bzip2 compression and decompression."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">bz2</span></code></a> module.</p>
<div class="versionadded">
<p><span class="versionmodified">New in version 3.3.</span></p>
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="data">
<dt id="zipfile.ZIP_LZMA">
<code class="descclassname">zipfile.</code><code class="descname">ZIP_LZMA</code><a class="headerlink" href="#zipfile.ZIP_LZMA" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>The numeric constant for the LZMA compression method.  This requires the
<a class="reference internal" href="lzma.html#module-lzma" title="lzma: A Python wrapper for the liblzma compression library."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">lzma</span></code></a> module.</p>
<div class="versionadded">
<p><span class="versionmodified">New in version 3.3.</span></p>
</div>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">The ZIP file format specification has included support for bzip2 compression
since 2001, and for LZMA compression since 2006. However, some tools
(including older Python releases) do not support these compression
methods, and may either refuse to process the ZIP file altogether,
or fail to extract individual files.</p>
</div>
</dd></dl>

<div class="admonition seealso">
<p class="first admonition-title">See also</p>
<dl class="last docutils">
<dt><a class="reference external" href="https://pkware.cachefly.net/webdocs/casestudies/APPNOTE.TXT">PKZIP Application Note</a></dt>
<dd>Documentation on the ZIP file format by Phil Katz, the creator of the format and
algorithms used.</dd>
<dt><a class="reference external" href="http://www.info-zip.org/">Info-ZIP Home Page</a></dt>
<dd>Information about the Info-ZIP project’s ZIP archive programs and development
libraries.</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="section" id="zipfile-objects">
<span id="id1"></span><h2>13.5.1. ZipFile Objects<a class="headerlink" href="#zipfile-objects" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<dl class="class">
<dt id="zipfile.ZipFile">
<em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">zipfile.</code><code class="descname">ZipFile</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>file</em>, <em>mode='r'</em>, <em>compression=ZIP_STORED</em>, <em>allowZip64=True</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#zipfile.ZipFile" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Open a ZIP file, where <em>file</em> can be a path to a file (a string), a
file-like object or a <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-path-like-object"><span class="xref std std-term">path-like object</span></a>.
The <em>mode</em> parameter should be <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">'r'</span></code> to read an existing
file, <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">'w'</span></code> to truncate and write a new file, <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">'a'</span></code> to append to an
existing file, or <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">'x'</span></code> to exclusively create and write a new file.
If <em>mode</em> is <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">'x'</span></code> and <em>file</em> refers to an existing file,
a <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#FileExistsError" title="FileExistsError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal"><span class="pre">FileExistsError</span></code></a> will be raised.
If <em>mode</em> is <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">'a'</span></code> and <em>file</em> refers to an existing ZIP
file, then additional files are added to it.  If <em>file</em> does not refer to a
ZIP file, then a new ZIP archive is appended to the file.  This is meant for
adding a ZIP archive to another file (such as <code class="file docutils literal"><span class="pre">python.exe</span></code>).  If
<em>mode</em> is <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">'a'</span></code> and the file does not exist at all, it is created.
If <em>mode</em> is <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">'r'</span></code> or <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">'a'</span></code>, the file should be seekable.
<em>compression</em> is the ZIP compression method to use when writing the archive,
and should be <a class="reference internal" href="#zipfile.ZIP_STORED" title="zipfile.ZIP_STORED"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal"><span class="pre">ZIP_STORED</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="#zipfile.ZIP_DEFLATED" title="zipfile.ZIP_DEFLATED"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal"><span class="pre">ZIP_DEFLATED</span></code></a>,
<a class="reference internal" href="#zipfile.ZIP_BZIP2" title="zipfile.ZIP_BZIP2"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal"><span class="pre">ZIP_BZIP2</span></code></a> or <a class="reference internal" href="#zipfile.ZIP_LZMA" title="zipfile.ZIP_LZMA"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal"><span class="pre">ZIP_LZMA</span></code></a>; unrecognized
values will cause <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#NotImplementedError" title="NotImplementedError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal"><span class="pre">NotImplementedError</span></code></a> to be raised.  If <a class="reference internal" href="#zipfile.ZIP_DEFLATED" title="zipfile.ZIP_DEFLATED"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal"><span class="pre">ZIP_DEFLATED</span></code></a>,
<a class="reference internal" href="#zipfile.ZIP_BZIP2" title="zipfile.ZIP_BZIP2"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal"><span class="pre">ZIP_BZIP2</span></code></a> or <a class="reference internal" href="#zipfile.ZIP_LZMA" title="zipfile.ZIP_LZMA"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal"><span class="pre">ZIP_LZMA</span></code></a> is specified but the corresponding module
(<a class="reference internal" href="zlib.html#module-zlib" title="zlib: Low-level interface to compression and decompression routines compatible with gzip."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">zlib</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="bz2.html#module-bz2" title="bz2: Interfaces for bzip2 compression and decompression."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">bz2</span></code></a> or <a class="reference internal" href="lzma.html#module-lzma" title="lzma: A Python wrapper for the liblzma compression library."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">lzma</span></code></a>) is not available, <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#RuntimeError" title="RuntimeError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal"><span class="pre">RuntimeError</span></code></a>
is raised. The default is <a class="reference internal" href="#zipfile.ZIP_STORED" title="zipfile.ZIP_STORED"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal"><span class="pre">ZIP_STORED</span></code></a>.  If <em>allowZip64</em> is
<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">True</span></code> (the default) zipfile will create ZIP files that use the ZIP64
extensions when the zipfile is larger than 4 GiB. If it is  false <a class="reference internal" href="#module-zipfile" title="zipfile: Read and write ZIP-format archive files."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">zipfile</span></code></a>
will raise an exception when the ZIP file would require ZIP64 extensions.</p>
<p>If the file is created with mode <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">'w'</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">'x'</span></code> or <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">'a'</span></code> and then
<a class="reference internal" href="#zipfile.ZipFile.close" title="zipfile.ZipFile.close"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">closed</span></code></a> without adding any files to the archive, the appropriate
ZIP structures for an empty archive will be written to the file.</p>
<p>ZipFile is also a context manager and therefore supports the
<a class="reference internal" href="../reference/compound_stmts.html#with"><code class="xref std std-keyword docutils literal"><span class="pre">with</span></code></a> statement.  In the example, <em>myzip</em> is closed after the
<a class="reference internal" href="../reference/compound_stmts.html#with"><code class="xref std std-keyword docutils literal"><span class="pre">with</span></code></a> statement’s suite is finished—even if an exception occurs:</p>
<div class="highlight-python3"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">with</span> <span class="n">ZipFile</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;spam.zip&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;w&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="n">myzip</span><span class="p">:</span>
    <span class="n">myzip</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">write</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;eggs.txt&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="versionadded">
<p><span class="versionmodified">New in version 3.2: </span>Added the ability to use <a class="reference internal" href="#zipfile.ZipFile" title="zipfile.ZipFile"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">ZipFile</span></code></a> as a context manager.</p>
</div>
<div class="versionchanged">
<p><span class="versionmodified">Changed in version 3.3: </span>Added support for <a class="reference internal" href="bz2.html#module-bz2" title="bz2: Interfaces for bzip2 compression and decompression."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">bzip2</span></code></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="lzma.html#module-lzma" title="lzma: A Python wrapper for the liblzma compression library."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">lzma</span></code></a> compression.</p>
</div>
<div class="versionchanged">
<p><span class="versionmodified">Changed in version 3.4: </span>ZIP64 extensions are enabled by default.</p>
</div>
<div class="versionchanged">
<p><span class="versionmodified">Changed in version 3.5: </span>Added support for writing to unseekable streams.
Added support for the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">'x'</span></code> mode.</p>
</div>
<div class="versionchanged">
<p><span class="versionmodified">Changed in version 3.6: </span>Previously, a plain <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#RuntimeError" title="RuntimeError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal"><span class="pre">RuntimeError</span></code></a> was raised for unrecognized
compression values.</p>
</div>
<div class="versionchanged">
<p><span class="versionmodified">Changed in version 3.6.2: </span>The <em>file</em> parameter accepts a <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-path-like-object"><span class="xref std std-term">path-like object</span></a>.</p>
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="method">
<dt id="zipfile.ZipFile.close">
<code class="descclassname">ZipFile.</code><code class="descname">close</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#zipfile.ZipFile.close" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Close the archive file.  You must call <a class="reference internal" href="#zipfile.ZipFile.close" title="zipfile.ZipFile.close"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">close()</span></code></a> before exiting your program
or essential records will not be written.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="method">
<dt id="zipfile.ZipFile.getinfo">
<code class="descclassname">ZipFile.</code><code class="descname">getinfo</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>name</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#zipfile.ZipFile.getinfo" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Return a <a class="reference internal" href="#zipfile.ZipInfo" title="zipfile.ZipInfo"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">ZipInfo</span></code></a> object with information about the archive member
<em>name</em>.  Calling <a class="reference internal" href="#zipfile.ZipFile.getinfo" title="zipfile.ZipFile.getinfo"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">getinfo()</span></code></a> for a name not currently contained in the
archive will raise a <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#KeyError" title="KeyError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal"><span class="pre">KeyError</span></code></a>.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="method">
<dt id="zipfile.ZipFile.infolist">
<code class="descclassname">ZipFile.</code><code class="descname">infolist</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#zipfile.ZipFile.infolist" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Return a list containing a <a class="reference internal" href="#zipfile.ZipInfo" title="zipfile.ZipInfo"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">ZipInfo</span></code></a> object for each member of the
archive.  The objects are in the same order as their entries in the actual ZIP
file on disk if an existing archive was opened.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="method">
<dt id="zipfile.ZipFile.namelist">
<code class="descclassname">ZipFile.</code><code class="descname">namelist</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#zipfile.ZipFile.namelist" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Return a list of archive members by name.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="method">
<dt id="zipfile.ZipFile.open">
<code class="descclassname">ZipFile.</code><code class="descname">open</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>name</em>, <em>mode='r'</em>, <em>pwd=None</em>, <em>*</em>, <em>force_zip64=False</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#zipfile.ZipFile.open" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Access a member of the archive as a binary file-like object.  <em>name</em>
can be either the name of a file within the archive or a <a class="reference internal" href="#zipfile.ZipInfo" title="zipfile.ZipInfo"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">ZipInfo</span></code></a>
object.  The <em>mode</em> parameter, if included, must be <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">'r'</span></code> (the default)
or <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">'w'</span></code>.  <em>pwd</em> is the password used to decrypt encrypted ZIP files.</p>
<p><a class="reference internal" href="#zipfile.ZipFile.open" title="zipfile.ZipFile.open"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">open()</span></code></a> is also a context manager and therefore supports the
<a class="reference internal" href="../reference/compound_stmts.html#with"><code class="xref std std-keyword docutils literal"><span class="pre">with</span></code></a> statement:</p>
<div class="highlight-python3"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">with</span> <span class="n">ZipFile</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;spam.zip&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="n">myzip</span><span class="p">:</span>
    <span class="k">with</span> <span class="n">myzip</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">open</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;eggs.txt&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="n">myfile</span><span class="p">:</span>
        <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">myfile</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">read</span><span class="p">())</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>With <em>mode</em> <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">'r'</span></code> the file-like object
(<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ZipExtFile</span></code>) is read-only and provides the following methods:
<a class="reference internal" href="io.html#io.BufferedIOBase.read" title="io.BufferedIOBase.read"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">read()</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="io.html#io.IOBase.readline" title="io.IOBase.readline"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">readline()</span></code></a>,
<a class="reference internal" href="io.html#io.IOBase.readlines" title="io.IOBase.readlines"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">readlines()</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/datamodel.html#object.__iter__" title="object.__iter__"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">__iter__()</span></code></a>,
<a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#iterator.__next__" title="iterator.__next__"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">__next__()</span></code></a>.  These objects can operate independently of
the ZipFile.</p>
<p>With <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">mode='w'</span></code>, a writable file handle is returned, which supports the
<a class="reference internal" href="io.html#io.BufferedIOBase.write" title="io.BufferedIOBase.write"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">write()</span></code></a> method.  While a writable file handle is open,
attempting to read or write other files in the ZIP file will raise a
<a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#ValueError" title="ValueError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal"><span class="pre">ValueError</span></code></a>.</p>
<p>When writing a file, if the file size is not known in advance but may exceed
2 GiB, pass <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">force_zip64=True</span></code> to ensure that the header format is
capable of supporting large files.  If the file size is known in advance,
construct a <a class="reference internal" href="#zipfile.ZipInfo" title="zipfile.ZipInfo"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">ZipInfo</span></code></a> object with <a class="reference internal" href="#zipfile.ZipInfo.file_size" title="zipfile.ZipInfo.file_size"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal"><span class="pre">file_size</span></code></a> set, and
use that as the <em>name</em> parameter.</p>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">The <a class="reference internal" href="#zipfile.ZipFile.open" title="zipfile.ZipFile.open"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">open()</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="#zipfile.ZipFile.read" title="zipfile.ZipFile.read"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">read()</span></code></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="#zipfile.ZipFile.extract" title="zipfile.ZipFile.extract"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">extract()</span></code></a> methods can take a filename
or a <a class="reference internal" href="#zipfile.ZipInfo" title="zipfile.ZipInfo"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">ZipInfo</span></code></a> object.  You will appreciate this when trying to read a
ZIP file that contains members with duplicate names.</p>
</div>
<div class="versionchanged">
<p><span class="versionmodified">Changed in version 3.6: </span>Removed support of <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">mode='U'</span></code>.  Use <a class="reference internal" href="io.html#io.TextIOWrapper" title="io.TextIOWrapper"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">io.TextIOWrapper</span></code></a> for reading
compressed text files in <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-universal-newlines"><span class="xref std std-term">universal newlines</span></a> mode.</p>
</div>
<div class="versionchanged">
<p><span class="versionmodified">Changed in version 3.6: </span><a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#open" title="open"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">open()</span></code></a> can now be used to write files into the archive with the
<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">mode='w'</span></code> option.</p>
</div>
<div class="versionchanged">
<p><span class="versionmodified">Changed in version 3.6: </span>Calling <a class="reference internal" href="#zipfile.ZipFile.open" title="zipfile.ZipFile.open"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">open()</span></code></a> on a closed ZipFile will raise a <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#ValueError" title="ValueError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal"><span class="pre">ValueError</span></code></a>.
Previously, a <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#RuntimeError" title="RuntimeError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal"><span class="pre">RuntimeError</span></code></a> was raised.</p>
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="method">
<dt id="zipfile.ZipFile.extract">
<code class="descclassname">ZipFile.</code><code class="descname">extract</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>member</em>, <em>path=None</em>, <em>pwd=None</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#zipfile.ZipFile.extract" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Extract a member from the archive to the current working directory; <em>member</em>
must be its full name or a <a class="reference internal" href="#zipfile.ZipInfo" title="zipfile.ZipInfo"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">ZipInfo</span></code></a> object.  Its file information is
extracted as accurately as possible.  <em>path</em> specifies a different directory
to extract to.  <em>member</em> can be a filename or a <a class="reference internal" href="#zipfile.ZipInfo" title="zipfile.ZipInfo"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">ZipInfo</span></code></a> object.
<em>pwd</em> is the password used for encrypted files.</p>
<p>Returns the normalized path created (a directory or new file).</p>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">If a member filename is an absolute path, a drive/UNC sharepoint and
leading (back)slashes will be stripped, e.g.: <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">///foo/bar</span></code> becomes
<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">foo/bar</span></code> on Unix, and <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">C:\foo\bar</span></code> becomes <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">foo\bar</span></code> on Windows.
And all <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">&quot;..&quot;</span></code> components in a member filename will be removed, e.g.:
<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">../../foo../../ba..r</span></code> becomes <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">foo../ba..r</span></code>.  On Windows illegal
characters (<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">:</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">&lt;</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">&gt;</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">|</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">&quot;</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">?</span></code>, and <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">*</span></code>)
replaced by underscore (<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">_</span></code>).</p>
</div>
<div class="versionchanged">
<p><span class="versionmodified">Changed in version 3.6: </span>Calling <a class="reference internal" href="#zipfile.ZipFile.extract" title="zipfile.ZipFile.extract"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">extract()</span></code></a> on a closed ZipFile will raise a
<a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#ValueError" title="ValueError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal"><span class="pre">ValueError</span></code></a>.  Previously, a <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#RuntimeError" title="RuntimeError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal"><span class="pre">RuntimeError</span></code></a> was raised.</p>
</div>
<div class="versionchanged">
<p><span class="versionmodified">Changed in version 3.6.2: </span>The <em>path</em> parameter accepts a <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-path-like-object"><span class="xref std std-term">path-like object</span></a>.</p>
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="method">
<dt id="zipfile.ZipFile.extractall">
<code class="descclassname">ZipFile.</code><code class="descname">extractall</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>path=None</em>, <em>members=None</em>, <em>pwd=None</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#zipfile.ZipFile.extractall" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Extract all members from the archive to the current working directory.  <em>path</em>
specifies a different directory to extract to.  <em>members</em> is optional and must
be a subset of the list returned by <a class="reference internal" href="#zipfile.ZipFile.namelist" title="zipfile.ZipFile.namelist"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">namelist()</span></code></a>.  <em>pwd</em> is the password
used for encrypted files.</p>
<div class="admonition warning">
<p class="first admonition-title">Warning</p>
<p class="last">Never extract archives from untrusted sources without prior inspection.
It is possible that files are created outside of <em>path</em>, e.g. members
that have absolute filenames starting with <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">&quot;/&quot;</span></code> or filenames with two
dots <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">&quot;..&quot;</span></code>.  This module attempts to prevent that.
See <a class="reference internal" href="#zipfile.ZipFile.extract" title="zipfile.ZipFile.extract"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">extract()</span></code></a> note.</p>
</div>
<div class="versionchanged">
<p><span class="versionmodified">Changed in version 3.6: </span>Calling <a class="reference internal" href="#zipfile.ZipFile.extractall" title="zipfile.ZipFile.extractall"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">extractall()</span></code></a> on a closed ZipFile will raise a
<a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#ValueError" title="ValueError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal"><span class="pre">ValueError</span></code></a>.  Previously, a <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#RuntimeError" title="RuntimeError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal"><span class="pre">RuntimeError</span></code></a> was raised.</p>
</div>
<div class="versionchanged">
<p><span class="versionmodified">Changed in version 3.6.2: </span>The <em>path</em> parameter accepts a <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-path-like-object"><span class="xref std std-term">path-like object</span></a>.</p>
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="method">
<dt id="zipfile.ZipFile.printdir">
<code class="descclassname">ZipFile.</code><code class="descname">printdir</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#zipfile.ZipFile.printdir" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Print a table of contents for the archive to <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">sys.stdout</span></code>.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="method">
<dt id="zipfile.ZipFile.setpassword">
<code class="descclassname">ZipFile.</code><code class="descname">setpassword</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>pwd</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#zipfile.ZipFile.setpassword" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Set <em>pwd</em> as default password to extract encrypted files.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="method">
<dt id="zipfile.ZipFile.read">
<code class="descclassname">ZipFile.</code><code class="descname">read</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>name</em>, <em>pwd=None</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#zipfile.ZipFile.read" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Return the bytes of the file <em>name</em> in the archive.  <em>name</em> is the name of the
file in the archive, or a <a class="reference internal" href="#zipfile.ZipInfo" title="zipfile.ZipInfo"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">ZipInfo</span></code></a> object.  The archive must be open for
read or append. <em>pwd</em> is the password used for encrypted  files and, if specified,
it will override the default password set with <a class="reference internal" href="#zipfile.ZipFile.setpassword" title="zipfile.ZipFile.setpassword"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">setpassword()</span></code></a>.  Calling
<a class="reference internal" href="#zipfile.ZipFile.read" title="zipfile.ZipFile.read"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">read()</span></code></a> on a ZipFile that uses a compression method other than
<a class="reference internal" href="#zipfile.ZIP_STORED" title="zipfile.ZIP_STORED"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal"><span class="pre">ZIP_STORED</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="#zipfile.ZIP_DEFLATED" title="zipfile.ZIP_DEFLATED"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal"><span class="pre">ZIP_DEFLATED</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="#zipfile.ZIP_BZIP2" title="zipfile.ZIP_BZIP2"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal"><span class="pre">ZIP_BZIP2</span></code></a> or
<a class="reference internal" href="#zipfile.ZIP_LZMA" title="zipfile.ZIP_LZMA"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal"><span class="pre">ZIP_LZMA</span></code></a> will raise a <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#NotImplementedError" title="NotImplementedError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal"><span class="pre">NotImplementedError</span></code></a>. An error will also
be raised if the corresponding compression module is not available.</p>
<div class="versionchanged">
<p><span class="versionmodified">Changed in version 3.6: </span>Calling <a class="reference internal" href="#zipfile.ZipFile.read" title="zipfile.ZipFile.read"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">read()</span></code></a> on a closed ZipFile will raise a <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#ValueError" title="ValueError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal"><span class="pre">ValueError</span></code></a>.
Previously, a <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#RuntimeError" title="RuntimeError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal"><span class="pre">RuntimeError</span></code></a> was raised.</p>
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="method">
<dt id="zipfile.ZipFile.testzip">
<code class="descclassname">ZipFile.</code><code class="descname">testzip</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#zipfile.ZipFile.testzip" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Read all the files in the archive and check their CRC’s and file headers.
Return the name of the first bad file, or else return <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">None</span></code>.</p>
<div class="versionchanged">
<p><span class="versionmodified">Changed in version 3.6: </span>Calling <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">testfile()</span></code> on a closed ZipFile will raise a
<a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#ValueError" title="ValueError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal"><span class="pre">ValueError</span></code></a>.  Previously, a <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#RuntimeError" title="RuntimeError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal"><span class="pre">RuntimeError</span></code></a> was raised.</p>
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="method">
<dt id="zipfile.ZipFile.write">
<code class="descclassname">ZipFile.</code><code class="descname">write</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>filename</em>, <em>arcname=None</em>, <em>compress_type=None</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#zipfile.ZipFile.write" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Write the file named <em>filename</em> to the archive, giving it the archive name
<em>arcname</em> (by default, this will be the same as <em>filename</em>, but without a drive
letter and with leading path separators removed).  If given, <em>compress_type</em>
overrides the value given for the <em>compression</em> parameter to the constructor for
the new entry.
The archive must be open with mode <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">'w'</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">'x'</span></code> or <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">'a'</span></code>.</p>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">There is no official file name encoding for ZIP files. If you have unicode file
names, you must convert them to byte strings in your desired encoding before
passing them to <a class="reference internal" href="#zipfile.ZipFile.write" title="zipfile.ZipFile.write"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">write()</span></code></a>. WinZip interprets all file names as encoded in
CP437, also known as DOS Latin.</p>
</div>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">Archive names should be relative to the archive root, that is, they should not
start with a path separator.</p>
</div>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">If <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">arcname</span></code> (or <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">filename</span></code>, if <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">arcname</span></code> is  not given) contains a null
byte, the name of the file in the archive will be truncated at the null byte.</p>
</div>
<div class="versionchanged">
<p><span class="versionmodified">Changed in version 3.6: </span>Calling <a class="reference internal" href="#zipfile.ZipFile.write" title="zipfile.ZipFile.write"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">write()</span></code></a> on a ZipFile created with mode <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">'r'</span></code> or
a closed ZipFile will raise a <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#ValueError" title="ValueError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal"><span class="pre">ValueError</span></code></a>.  Previously,
a <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#RuntimeError" title="RuntimeError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal"><span class="pre">RuntimeError</span></code></a> was raised.</p>
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="method">
<dt id="zipfile.ZipFile.writestr">
<code class="descclassname">ZipFile.</code><code class="descname">writestr</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>zinfo_or_arcname</em>, <em>data</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>compress_type</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#zipfile.ZipFile.writestr" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Write the string <em>data</em> to the archive; <em>zinfo_or_arcname</em> is either the file
name it will be given in the archive, or a <a class="reference internal" href="#zipfile.ZipInfo" title="zipfile.ZipInfo"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">ZipInfo</span></code></a> instance.  If it’s
an instance, at least the filename, date, and time must be given.  If it’s a
name, the date and time is set to the current date and time.
The archive must be opened with mode <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">'w'</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">'x'</span></code> or <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">'a'</span></code>.</p>
<p>If given, <em>compress_type</em> overrides the value given for the <em>compression</em>
parameter to the constructor for the new entry, or in the <em>zinfo_or_arcname</em>
(if that is a <a class="reference internal" href="#zipfile.ZipInfo" title="zipfile.ZipInfo"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">ZipInfo</span></code></a> instance).</p>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">When passing a <a class="reference internal" href="#zipfile.ZipInfo" title="zipfile.ZipInfo"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">ZipInfo</span></code></a> instance as the <em>zinfo_or_arcname</em> parameter,
the compression method used will be that specified in the <em>compress_type</em>
member of the given <a class="reference internal" href="#zipfile.ZipInfo" title="zipfile.ZipInfo"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">ZipInfo</span></code></a> instance.  By default, the
<a class="reference internal" href="#zipfile.ZipInfo" title="zipfile.ZipInfo"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">ZipInfo</span></code></a> constructor sets this member to <a class="reference internal" href="#zipfile.ZIP_STORED" title="zipfile.ZIP_STORED"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal"><span class="pre">ZIP_STORED</span></code></a>.</p>
</div>
<div class="versionchanged">
<p><span class="versionmodified">Changed in version 3.2: </span>The <em>compress_type</em> argument.</p>
</div>
<div class="versionchanged">
<p><span class="versionmodified">Changed in version 3.6: </span>Calling <a class="reference internal" href="#zipfile.ZipFile.writestr" title="zipfile.ZipFile.writestr"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">writestr()</span></code></a> on a ZipFile created with mode <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">'r'</span></code> or
a closed ZipFile will raise a <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#ValueError" title="ValueError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal"><span class="pre">ValueError</span></code></a>.  Previously,
a <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#RuntimeError" title="RuntimeError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal"><span class="pre">RuntimeError</span></code></a> was raised.</p>
</div>
</dd></dl>

<p>The following data attributes are also available:</p>
<dl class="attribute">
<dt id="zipfile.ZipFile.filename">
<code class="descclassname">ZipFile.</code><code class="descname">filename</code><a class="headerlink" href="#zipfile.ZipFile.filename" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Name of the ZIP file.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="attribute">
<dt id="zipfile.ZipFile.debug">
<code class="descclassname">ZipFile.</code><code class="descname">debug</code><a class="headerlink" href="#zipfile.ZipFile.debug" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>The level of debug output to use.  This may be set from <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">0</span></code> (the default, no
output) to <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">3</span></code> (the most output).  Debugging information is written to
<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">sys.stdout</span></code>.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="attribute">
<dt id="zipfile.ZipFile.comment">
<code class="descclassname">ZipFile.</code><code class="descname">comment</code><a class="headerlink" href="#zipfile.ZipFile.comment" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>The comment text associated with the ZIP file.  If assigning a comment to a
<a class="reference internal" href="#zipfile.ZipFile" title="zipfile.ZipFile"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">ZipFile</span></code></a> instance created with mode <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">'w'</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">'x'</span></code> or <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">'a'</span></code>,
this should be a
string no longer than 65535 bytes.  Comments longer than this will be
truncated in the written archive when <a class="reference internal" href="#zipfile.ZipFile.close" title="zipfile.ZipFile.close"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">close()</span></code></a> is called.</p>
</dd></dl>

</div>
<div class="section" id="pyzipfile-objects">
<span id="id2"></span><h2>13.5.2. PyZipFile Objects<a class="headerlink" href="#pyzipfile-objects" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>The <a class="reference internal" href="#zipfile.PyZipFile" title="zipfile.PyZipFile"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">PyZipFile</span></code></a> constructor takes the same parameters as the
<a class="reference internal" href="#zipfile.ZipFile" title="zipfile.ZipFile"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">ZipFile</span></code></a> constructor, and one additional parameter, <em>optimize</em>.</p>
<dl class="class">
<dt id="zipfile.PyZipFile">
<em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">zipfile.</code><code class="descname">PyZipFile</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>file</em>, <em>mode='r'</em>, <em>compression=ZIP_STORED</em>, <em>allowZip64=True</em>, <em>optimize=-1</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#zipfile.PyZipFile" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><div class="versionadded">
<p><span class="versionmodified">New in version 3.2: </span>The <em>optimize</em> parameter.</p>
</div>
<div class="versionchanged">
<p><span class="versionmodified">Changed in version 3.4: </span>ZIP64 extensions are enabled by default.</p>
</div>
<p>Instances have one method in addition to those of <a class="reference internal" href="#zipfile.ZipFile" title="zipfile.ZipFile"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">ZipFile</span></code></a> objects:</p>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="zipfile.PyZipFile.writepy">
<code class="descname">writepy</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>pathname</em>, <em>basename=''</em>, <em>filterfunc=None</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#zipfile.PyZipFile.writepy" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Search for files <code class="file docutils literal"><span class="pre">*.py</span></code> and add the corresponding file to the
archive.</p>
<p>If the <em>optimize</em> parameter to <a class="reference internal" href="#zipfile.PyZipFile" title="zipfile.PyZipFile"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">PyZipFile</span></code></a> was not given or <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">-1</span></code>,
the corresponding file is a <code class="file docutils literal"><span class="pre">*.pyc</span></code> file, compiling if necessary.</p>
<p>If the <em>optimize</em> parameter to <a class="reference internal" href="#zipfile.PyZipFile" title="zipfile.PyZipFile"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">PyZipFile</span></code></a> was <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">0</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">1</span></code> or
<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">2</span></code>, only files with that optimization level (see <a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#compile" title="compile"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">compile()</span></code></a>) are
added to the archive, compiling if necessary.</p>
<p>If <em>pathname</em> is a file, the filename must end with <code class="file docutils literal"><span class="pre">.py</span></code>, and
just the (corresponding <code class="file docutils literal"><span class="pre">*.pyc</span></code>) file is added at the top level
(no path information).  If <em>pathname</em> is a file that does not end with
<code class="file docutils literal"><span class="pre">.py</span></code>, a <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#RuntimeError" title="RuntimeError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal"><span class="pre">RuntimeError</span></code></a> will be raised.  If it is a directory,
and the directory is not a package directory, then all the files
<code class="file docutils literal"><span class="pre">*.pyc</span></code> are added at the top level.  If the directory is a
package directory, then all <code class="file docutils literal"><span class="pre">*.pyc</span></code> are added under the package
name as a file path, and if any subdirectories are package directories,
all of these are added recursively.</p>
<p><em>basename</em> is intended for internal use only.</p>
<p><em>filterfunc</em>, if given, must be a function taking a single string
argument.  It will be passed each path (including each individual full
file path) before it is added to the archive.  If <em>filterfunc</em> returns a
false value, the path will not be added, and if it is a directory its
contents will be ignored.  For example, if our test files are all either
in <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">test</span></code> directories or start with the string <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">test_</span></code>, we can use a
<em>filterfunc</em> to exclude them:</p>
<div class="highlight-python3"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">zf</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">PyZipFile</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;myprog.zip&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">notests</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">s</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="gp">... </span>    <span class="n">fn</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">os</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">path</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">basename</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">s</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gp">... </span>    <span class="k">return</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="ow">not</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fn</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s1">&#39;test&#39;</span> <span class="ow">or</span> <span class="n">fn</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">startswith</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;test_&#39;</span><span class="p">)))</span>
<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">zf</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">writepy</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;myprog&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">filterfunc</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">notests</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>The <a class="reference internal" href="#zipfile.PyZipFile.writepy" title="zipfile.PyZipFile.writepy"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">writepy()</span></code></a> method makes archives with file names like
this:</p>
<div class="highlight-python3"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">string</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pyc</span>                   <span class="c1"># Top level name</span>
<span class="n">test</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="fm">__init__</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pyc</span>            <span class="c1"># Package directory</span>
<span class="n">test</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">testall</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pyc</span>             <span class="c1"># Module test.testall</span>
<span class="n">test</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">bogus</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="fm">__init__</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pyc</span>      <span class="c1"># Subpackage directory</span>
<span class="n">test</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">bogus</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">myfile</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pyc</span>        <span class="c1"># Submodule test.bogus.myfile</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="versionadded">
<p><span class="versionmodified">New in version 3.4: </span>The <em>filterfunc</em> parameter.</p>
</div>
<div class="versionchanged">
<p><span class="versionmodified">Changed in version 3.6.2: </span>The <em>pathname</em> parameter accepts a <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-path-like-object"><span class="xref std std-term">path-like object</span></a>.</p>
</div>
</dd></dl>

</dd></dl>

</div>
<div class="section" id="zipinfo-objects">
<span id="id3"></span><h2>13.5.3. ZipInfo Objects<a class="headerlink" href="#zipinfo-objects" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>Instances of the <a class="reference internal" href="#zipfile.ZipInfo" title="zipfile.ZipInfo"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">ZipInfo</span></code></a> class are returned by the <a class="reference internal" href="#zipfile.ZipFile.getinfo" title="zipfile.ZipFile.getinfo"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">getinfo()</span></code></a> and
<a class="reference internal" href="#zipfile.ZipFile.infolist" title="zipfile.ZipFile.infolist"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">infolist()</span></code></a> methods of <a class="reference internal" href="#zipfile.ZipFile" title="zipfile.ZipFile"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">ZipFile</span></code></a> objects.  Each object stores
information about a single member of the ZIP archive.</p>
<p>There is one classmethod to make a <a class="reference internal" href="#zipfile.ZipInfo" title="zipfile.ZipInfo"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">ZipInfo</span></code></a> instance for a filesystem
file:</p>
<dl class="classmethod">
<dt id="zipfile.ZipInfo.from_file">
<em class="property">classmethod </em><code class="descclassname">ZipInfo.</code><code class="descname">from_file</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>filename</em>, <em>arcname=None</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#zipfile.ZipInfo.from_file" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Construct a <a class="reference internal" href="#zipfile.ZipInfo" title="zipfile.ZipInfo"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">ZipInfo</span></code></a> instance for a file on the filesystem, in
preparation for adding it to a zip file.</p>
<p><em>filename</em> should be the path to a file or directory on the filesystem.</p>
<p>If <em>arcname</em> is specified, it is used as the name within the archive.
If <em>arcname</em> is not specified, the name will be the same as <em>filename</em>, but
with any drive letter and leading path separators removed.</p>
<div class="versionadded">
<p><span class="versionmodified">New in version 3.6.</span></p>
</div>
<div class="versionchanged">
<p><span class="versionmodified">Changed in version 3.6.2: </span>The <em>filename</em> parameter accepts a <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-path-like-object"><span class="xref std std-term">path-like object</span></a>.</p>
</div>
</dd></dl>

<p>Instances have the following methods and attributes:</p>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="zipfile.ZipInfo.is_dir">
<code class="descclassname">ZipInfo.</code><code class="descname">is_dir</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#zipfile.ZipInfo.is_dir" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Return <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">True</span></code> if this archive member is a directory.</p>
<p>This uses the entry’s name: directories should always end with <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">/</span></code>.</p>
<div class="versionadded">
<p><span class="versionmodified">New in version 3.6.</span></p>
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="attribute">
<dt id="zipfile.ZipInfo.filename">
<code class="descclassname">ZipInfo.</code><code class="descname">filename</code><a class="headerlink" href="#zipfile.ZipInfo.filename" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Name of the file in the archive.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="attribute">
<dt id="zipfile.ZipInfo.date_time">
<code class="descclassname">ZipInfo.</code><code class="descname">date_time</code><a class="headerlink" href="#zipfile.ZipInfo.date_time" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>The time and date of the last modification to the archive member.  This is a
tuple of six values:</p>
<table border="1" class="docutils">
<colgroup>
<col width="21%" />
<col width="79%" />
</colgroup>
<thead valign="bottom">
<tr class="row-odd"><th class="head">Index</th>
<th class="head">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="row-even"><td><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">0</span></code></td>
<td>Year (&gt;= 1980)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">1</span></code></td>
<td>Month (one-based)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">2</span></code></td>
<td>Day of month (one-based)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">3</span></code></td>
<td>Hours (zero-based)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">4</span></code></td>
<td>Minutes (zero-based)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">5</span></code></td>
<td>Seconds (zero-based)</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">The ZIP file format does not support timestamps before 1980.</p>
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="attribute">
<dt id="zipfile.ZipInfo.compress_type">
<code class="descclassname">ZipInfo.</code><code class="descname">compress_type</code><a class="headerlink" href="#zipfile.ZipInfo.compress_type" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Type of compression for the archive member.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="attribute">
<dt id="zipfile.ZipInfo.comment">
<code class="descclassname">ZipInfo.</code><code class="descname">comment</code><a class="headerlink" href="#zipfile.ZipInfo.comment" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Comment for the individual archive member.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="attribute">
<dt id="zipfile.ZipInfo.extra">
<code class="descclassname">ZipInfo.</code><code class="descname">extra</code><a class="headerlink" href="#zipfile.ZipInfo.extra" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Expansion field data.  The <a class="reference external" href="https://pkware.cachefly.net/webdocs/casestudies/APPNOTE.TXT">PKZIP Application Note</a> contains
some comments on the internal structure of the data contained in this string.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="attribute">
<dt id="zipfile.ZipInfo.create_system">
<code class="descclassname">ZipInfo.</code><code class="descname">create_system</code><a class="headerlink" href="#zipfile.ZipInfo.create_system" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>System which created ZIP archive.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="attribute">
<dt id="zipfile.ZipInfo.create_version">
<code class="descclassname">ZipInfo.</code><code class="descname">create_version</code><a class="headerlink" href="#zipfile.ZipInfo.create_version" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>PKZIP version which created ZIP archive.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="attribute">
<dt id="zipfile.ZipInfo.extract_version">
<code class="descclassname">ZipInfo.</code><code class="descname">extract_version</code><a class="headerlink" href="#zipfile.ZipInfo.extract_version" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>PKZIP version needed to extract archive.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="attribute">
<dt id="zipfile.ZipInfo.reserved">
<code class="descclassname">ZipInfo.</code><code class="descname">reserved</code><a class="headerlink" href="#zipfile.ZipInfo.reserved" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Must be zero.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="attribute">
<dt id="zipfile.ZipInfo.flag_bits">
<code class="descclassname">ZipInfo.</code><code class="descname">flag_bits</code><a class="headerlink" href="#zipfile.ZipInfo.flag_bits" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>ZIP flag bits.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="attribute">
<dt id="zipfile.ZipInfo.volume">
<code class="descclassname">ZipInfo.</code><code class="descname">volume</code><a class="headerlink" href="#zipfile.ZipInfo.volume" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Volume number of file header.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="attribute">
<dt id="zipfile.ZipInfo.internal_attr">
<code class="descclassname">ZipInfo.</code><code class="descname">internal_attr</code><a class="headerlink" href="#zipfile.ZipInfo.internal_attr" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Internal attributes.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="attribute">
<dt id="zipfile.ZipInfo.external_attr">
<code class="descclassname">ZipInfo.</code><code class="descname">external_attr</code><a class="headerlink" href="#zipfile.ZipInfo.external_attr" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>External file attributes.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="attribute">
<dt id="zipfile.ZipInfo.header_offset">
<code class="descclassname">ZipInfo.</code><code class="descname">header_offset</code><a class="headerlink" href="#zipfile.ZipInfo.header_offset" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Byte offset to the file header.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="attribute">
<dt id="zipfile.ZipInfo.CRC">
<code class="descclassname">ZipInfo.</code><code class="descname">CRC</code><a class="headerlink" href="#zipfile.ZipInfo.CRC" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>CRC-32 of the uncompressed file.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="attribute">
<dt id="zipfile.ZipInfo.compress_size">
<code class="descclassname">ZipInfo.</code><code class="descname">compress_size</code><a class="headerlink" href="#zipfile.ZipInfo.compress_size" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Size of the compressed data.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="attribute">
<dt id="zipfile.ZipInfo.file_size">
<code class="descclassname">ZipInfo.</code><code class="descname">file_size</code><a class="headerlink" href="#zipfile.ZipInfo.file_size" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Size of the uncompressed file.</p>
</dd></dl>

</div>
<div class="section" id="command-line-interface">
<span id="zipfile-commandline"></span><h2>13.5.4. Command-Line Interface<a class="headerlink" href="#command-line-interface" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>The <a class="reference internal" href="#module-zipfile" title="zipfile: Read and write ZIP-format archive files."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">zipfile</span></code></a> module provides a simple command-line interface to interact
with ZIP archives.</p>
<p>If you want to create a new ZIP archive, specify its name after the <a class="reference internal" href="#cmdoption-zipfile-c"><code class="xref std std-option docutils literal"><span class="pre">-c</span></code></a>
option and then list the filename(s) that should be included:</p>
<div class="highlight-shell-session"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">$</span> python -m zipfile -c monty.zip spam.txt eggs.txt
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Passing a directory is also acceptable:</p>
<div class="highlight-shell-session"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">$</span> python -m zipfile -c monty.zip life-of-brian_1979/
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>If you want to extract a ZIP archive into the specified directory, use
the <a class="reference internal" href="#cmdoption-zipfile-e"><code class="xref std std-option docutils literal"><span class="pre">-e</span></code></a> option:</p>
<div class="highlight-shell-session"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">$</span> python -m zipfile -e monty.zip target-dir/
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>For a list of the files in a ZIP archive, use the <a class="reference internal" href="#cmdoption-zipfile-l"><code class="xref std std-option docutils literal"><span class="pre">-l</span></code></a> option:</p>
<div class="highlight-shell-session"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">$</span> python -m zipfile -l monty.zip
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="command-line-options">
<h3>13.5.4.1. Command-line options<a class="headerlink" href="#command-line-options" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="cmdoption">
<dt id="cmdoption-zipfile-l">
<code class="descname">-l</code><code class="descclassname"> &lt;zipfile&gt;</code><a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-zipfile-l" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>List files in a zipfile.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="cmdoption">
<dt id="cmdoption-zipfile-c">
<code class="descname">-c</code><code class="descclassname"> &lt;zipfile&gt; &lt;source1&gt; ... &lt;sourceN&gt;</code><a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-zipfile-c" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Create zipfile from source files.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="cmdoption">
<dt id="cmdoption-zipfile-e">
<code class="descname">-e</code><code class="descclassname"> &lt;zipfile&gt; &lt;output_dir&gt;</code><a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-zipfile-e" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Extract zipfile into target directory.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="cmdoption">
<dt id="cmdoption-zipfile-t">
<code class="descname">-t</code><code class="descclassname"> &lt;zipfile&gt;</code><a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-zipfile-t" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Test whether the zipfile is valid or not.</p>
</dd></dl>

</div>
</div>
</div>


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  <h3><a href="../contents.html">Table Of Contents</a></h3>
  <ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#">13.5. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">zipfile</span></code> — Work with ZIP archives</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#zipfile-objects">13.5.1. ZipFile Objects</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#pyzipfile-objects">13.5.2. PyZipFile Objects</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#zipinfo-objects">13.5.3. ZipInfo Objects</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#command-line-interface">13.5.4. Command-Line Interface</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#command-line-options">13.5.4.1. Command-line options</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>

  <h4>Previous topic</h4>
  <p class="topless"><a href="lzma.html"
                        title="previous chapter">13.4. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">lzma</span></code> — Compression using the LZMA algorithm</a></p>
  <h4>Next topic</h4>
  <p class="topless"><a href="tarfile.html"
                        title="next chapter">13.6. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">tarfile</span></code> — Read and write tar archive files</a></p>
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